Error-correcting microarray design.

We describe a microarray design based on the concept of error-correcting codes from digital communication theory. Currently, microarrays are unable to efficiently deal with "drop-outs," when one or more spots on the array are corrupted. The resulting information loss may lead to decoding errors in which no quantitation of expression can be extracted for the corresponding genes. This issue is expected to become increasingly problematic as the number of spots on microarrays expands to accommodate the entire genome. The error-correcting approach employs multiplexing (encoding) of more than one gene onto each spot to efficiently provide robustness to drop-outs in the array. Decoding then allows fault-tolerant recovery of the expression information from individual genes. The error-correcting method is general and may have important implications for future array designs in research and diagnostics.